Saturday, April 6, 2013

Jotunheim

GiantlandJotunheim (Jotunheimr) is one of the Nine Worlds and the home of Giants (Jotun).  Homeland of the frost giants and rock giants, it was on the middle level of the Norse universe.  The other giants were the fire giants, who lived in Muspelheim.  From Jotunheim, the giants menaced the humans in Midgard and the Gods in Asgard.  The Jotun represent the forces of chaos and the untamed powers of nature, such as storms.

Trolls and ogres are the mythical giants of northern European folk tales, especially those written or collected in the 19th century.  They do resemble Norse Jotun in some ways, but their appearance and attributes are more varied.  Some tales depict them as cannibalistic, others are more dwarf like creatures.  Some trolls, like some dark elves, turn to stone when the sun shines on them.  They inhabit the outer reaches of Asgard, Midgard, Alfheim, Jotunheim and Svartalfheim.
The whole world was created from the corpse of the first Jotun, named Ymir.  Ymir was killed by the Gods Odin, Ve and Vili.  They formed Jotunheim mostly from rocks, snow and dense forests, so the giants lived from the fish in the rivers and the animals in the forest, because there was no fertile land in Jotunheim.

In Norse mythology, Thrym was king of the Giants.  In one legend, he stole Mjollnir, Thor's hammer, to extort the Gods into giving him Freya as his wife.  Thor, son of Odin, later killed Thrym, his sister, and all of his jotun kin.  (this is an interesting tale of Thor in a brides dress and cunning behavior of Loki it you want to look more into it: Thor's Wedding Day)





 
Some of the jotun are attributed with hideous appearances – claws, fangs, and deformed features, apart from a generally hideous size.  Some of them even had many heads, such as Thrivaldi who had nine of them or an overall non-humanoid shape.  Other jotun were described as beautiful and had relationships with other Gods.

The jotun are an ancient race, being the first beings created, they carry wisdom from bygone times.  But they are also the end of the world.  In Norse mythology, jotun inflict the final destruction of the world by setting fire to the world at the end of Ragnarok, when the jotun launch an attack on the Gods and kill all but a few of them.

 

Jotunheimen is a mountainous area of roughly 3,500 km in southern Norway and is part of the long range known as the Scandinavian Mountains. The 29 highest mountains in Norway are all in Jotunheimen.


 


Alfheim


ElflandAlfheim is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Light Elves in Norse mythology, sometimes modernized as Elfland or Fairyland.  It is located on the highest level of the Norse universe along with the worlds of Asgard and Vanaheim.  The elves of darkness live in Svartalfheim and in many myths they are sometimes mixed together with elves of light or dwarves. 

After the Gods killed the giant Ymir, they began to create the universe from his body. During this time maggots began to feed off the flesh of the dead giant. These maggots were turned into the races of the light and dark elves.
Alfheim is ruled by the God Freyr.  It was said that the Gods gave Alfheim to Freyr, as payment for losing his tooth.  The elves are described as being luminous and “more beautiful than the sun,” so we may suppose that their homeland was a gracious realm of light and beauty.  The light elves were minor deities of nature and fertility; they could help or hinder humans with their knowledge of magical powers. They also often delivered an inspiration to art or music.

The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as female likeness, living in hills and mounds of stones.  The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left a kind of circle were they had danced.  Typically, it consisted of a ring of small mushrooms. If a human watched the dance of the elves, he would discover that even though only a few hours seemed to have passed, many years had passed in the real world.

The 20th-century fantasy writer J. R. R. Tolkien anglicized Alfheim as Elvenhome in the speech of the Elves.

 

Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky,
Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone,
Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die,
One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne
In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them
In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.

J.R.R. Tolkien, Three Rings for the Elven Kings

                               



                                                  











Friday, March 29, 2013

Weather


Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.  On Earth, common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. 
Meteorologists use very sophisticated instruments for predicting the weather.  But since they often get it wrong, many may prefer traditional customs of forecasting the weather from colors in the sky or the behavior of animals.  We all have looked up at the sky for a sense of what the weather will be. 

Weather lore is the body of informal folklore related to the prediction of the weather.  It has been a human desire for millennia to make accurate weather predictions. Oral and written history is full of rhymes, anecdotes, and adages meant to guide the uncertain in determining whether the next day will bring fair or foul weather. 

The ancient people of the Norse had close ties with the Earth and it’s seasons. Their lives circled around the seasons as much as the seasons circle around the year.  The changing seasons affected not only the weather, but the day to day survival of the Norse, dictating what they ate, where they lived and how they lived.  The ancient people’s very existence depended upon adapting to change and living by the seasonal cycles.

One of the defining traits of Neo-Pagan religions is an awareness of the forces of nature.  Among the many powers attributed to witches is the fantastic ability to summon storms, stir winds, and call forth any manner of precipitation as well as to withhold life giving waters to blight crops, and to destroy homes and villages with mighty winds and torrents of rain.

"When halo rings the moon or sun, rain's approaching on the run."  A halo around the sun or moon is caused by the refraction of that body's light by ice crystals at high altitude. Such high-level moisture is a precursor to moisture moving in at increasingly lower levels, and is a good indicator that an active weather system is on its way.
"When cows lie in a field, a good rain this will yield."

"Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning.  Red sky at night, sailor's delight."  A red sunset probably means dry weather the next day.

"When the wind is in the north, the skillful fisher goes not forth.  When the wind is in the east, it is good for neither man nor beast.  When the wind is in the south, it blows your bait into a fish's mouth.  When the wind is in the west, then the weather is at its best."

 

Will there be rain to make crops grow or will there be fair weather for safe fishing?  Or for urban pagans, will there be rain to carry an umbrella or sunshine to be on the beach.  When the signs weren't favorable, people developed rituals (weather magic) to help turn the odds in their favor.

"Burn the picture of a deformed or otherwise ugly person and the heavens will cry for them out of pity." Or "Dip a broom in salted water and flick it to the four directions to bring rain."

Among Native Americans, the Rain Dance is a ceremony performed to bring rain and ensure the crops.
"Tying up winds in a rope or string and slowly untying the knots to release the winds."  These types of ropes were often sold to sailors in the Middle Ages.

"Goddess Sunna bless and decree that the sun shall shine on me."  Repeat nine times while holding a sunstone or other sun powered crystal.  Do this every morning leading up to your holiday or event that you want sunshine for.

 

Hagalaz h is the rune that tells you to pay attention. Challenges are occurring in your life, but these are to be embraced rather than feared.  A hailstorm, for example, may seem daunting and scary at first, but if you catch a hailstone you will realize that it is only water and is not to be feared.

 

Sowulo s rune represents the power of the Sun.  In almost every religion in the world, the Sun is held most sacred.  To the Norse, the sun was known as Sunna or Sol and was considered feminine.  The sun’s light and warmth symbolizes life, nurturing, growth and all that is good.

 

Isaz i rune represents being frozen in time or place.  In Ancient times, ice was a constant factor in the day to day lives of the Norse. It threatened their crops, their ships and their livelihoods, almost throughout the entire year.  To the people though, it also served as a symbol of creation from which all life eventually springs forth.
 



Freyr is a Norse God of weather and fertility; brother of Freya. The dwarves build Freyr a ship, Skidbladnir, that can hold all the Gods or fit in his pocket. Freyr goes as a hostage to the Aesir, along with Njord and Freya. He courts the giantess Gerd through his servant Skirnir. 

 

Even a good life has its days.
As a hard rain good for the crops
turns to a hail storm that flattens them.
Even then the bad times don't last;
even the thickest hail
melts away.
 

 
 

Sunday, March 24, 2013

Divine Tree


The Norse family could be patriarchal, but Viking women exercised more rights than the women of other European societies of the time.  For example, a wife had a right to share the wealth her husband gained, any Viking woman could own land or other property, a woman could choose to be a warrior over a mother and Viking law permitted married women to divorce anytime she wanted.  And many men died young from disease or war.  Three or more generations of family lived together, including slaves and visitors.  The family tree could get a bit tangled and so did their Divines tree.  Many Gods and Goddess had lovers (human and Divine) and/or multi-marriages. 

I was asked for how some of the Divines relate to each other, but that is not an easy answer.  Basically, there are the Aesir, the Vanir and others.  The others are supernatural beings and Divine that do not really fit into the tree.  Of course, there are many more beings and some many link them in other ways but this can be used as a starting point for your notes. 



 
Norse God & Goddess

Odin


Odin

Edin

Appeal: Magic, Victory, Leadership, City Hall, Professors, Poetry, Death, Travel, Wisdom, Teaching, Father, War
Odin A is a chief God in Norse mythology and the ruler of Asgard.  Odin has only one eye, which blazes like the sun.  He is often pictured as an older man wearing a floppy hat and a blue-grey cloak.  His role, like that of many of the Norse Gods, is complex.  He is associated with war, victory and death, but also wisdom, magic, learning, sky, poetry and the hunt.  Odin is closely connected with a horse called Sleipnir, a spear called Gungnir, a pair of wolves named Geri and Freki and two ravens Huginn and Muninn.  From his throne, Hlidskjalf, Odin could see everything that occurred in the universe.  His description from the Temple at Uppsala gives some details on the God.

In this temple, entirely decked out in gold, the people worship the statues of three Gods in such ways that the mightiest of them, Thor, occupies a throne in the middle of the chamber; Wotan (Odin) and Frikko (Freyr) have places on either side. The significance of these gods is as follows: Thor, they say, presides over the air, which governs the thunder and lightning, the winds and rains, fair weather and crops. The other, Wotan—that is, the Furious—carries on war and imparts to man strength against his enemies. The third is Frikko, who bestows peace and pleasure on mortals. His likeness, too, they fashion with an immense phallus.

Gesta Hammaburgensis 26, Tschan's translation


According to the Prose Edda, Odin, the first and most powerful, was a son of Bestla and Bor and brother of Vili and Ve.  With his brothers, he cast down the frost giant Ymir and made Earth from Ymir's body.  
Odin hung from the world tree, Yggdrasil, impaled on his own spear, for nine days and nights in order to gain the knowledge of runes.  Odin brought down the wisdom of the runes and conveyed their information for the rest of humanity to learn from.  Therefore, the Ansuz A rune is often regarded as a rune of ‘communication.’  Linked to the Divine, it is a rune of inspiration, wisdom, aspirations and communication.

Odin has many sons, the most famous of whom is Thor.  With his wife, Frigg, he fathered his doomed son Baldr and the blind God Hod.  Many royal families in Midgard claimed descent from God Odin through other sons.

Up until about the tenth century, the Nordic people regularly made human sacrifices to Odin, often by hanging them upside down from ash trees and thrusting spears into their sides.  When Christianity came to Scandinavia, human sacrifices were outlawed.  Christian leaders often compared Odin with the Devil, a Christian evil spirit.  Some modern Asatru and Odinism groups, use a human shaped dummy, mead or other items as the sacrifice to Odin today.

He is also remember throughout the year in many feast days.  Depending on your area, Walpurgis April 22 (nine nights of Odin's sacrifice on Yggdrisal), Fall Equinox Feast September 20, Einherjar November 11 or the Wild Hunt December 20 (which over time turned Odin and Sleipnir into Santa and reindeer).

With the threat of Ragnarok, the death of all Gods, Odin built Valhalla, a great hall of the heroic dead.  Odin would then gather heroes and warriors who were slain in battle and bring them to Valhalla so they would fight alongside the Gods, in an attempt to strengthen and save the Gods in the final battle at the time of Ragnarok.  On the day of the final battle, Odin will be killed by the wolf Fenrir.
Wednesday is named after Woden, the English form of Odin (Woden's day).  Odin appears in the 1939 novel The Ship That Flew by Hilda Lewis.  Odin is the main God character in the 2001 novel American Gods by Neil Gaiman.  In the popular video game Age of Mythology, Odin is a major Norse god which also gives the player the ability to use his two ravens Huginn and Muninn to scout the map.  He appears in many other modern influences.


Odin's Prayer
The forests sing, the oceans cry.
The ravens soar through every sky.
Into the corners of Asgard.
Where Odin hears the score, thus far.
On Sleipner, he rides on through,
Surveys the bloodshed before you
Commands Valkries too fly you home,
Too sit and serve by Odin’s throne!

Hear my call,              
My soul belongs too thee

So I may rest with you!